Jawi Temple

 

Jawi temple is a temple which was built around the 13th century and is a historical relic Hindu - Buddhist kingdom Singhasari in sub Prigen , Pasuruan , East Java , Indonesia . The temple is located in the middle of the highway between Pandaan District - District Prigen and Pringebukan. Jawi temple many thought of as a place of worship or places of worship Buddha, but it is actually a place where the ashes of the king's last Singhasari , Kertanegara . Some of the ash is also stored in the temple Singhasari . Both of these temples has to do with Jago temple which is a place of worship of King Kertanegara.    

Kertanegara reason Jawi temple built far from the royal center for the region's alleged followers of the teachings of Shiva-Buddha is very strong. The people in that area are very loyal. Even Kertanegara known as a famous king, he also had many enemies in the country. Flag Song of Wijayakrama, for example, mentions the revolt Kelana Bayangkara. Negarakertagama Cayaraja noted the rebellion. There are allegations that the area used as a base by Jawi temple Kertanegara supporters. These allegations arise from the story of history that when Dyah Wijaya , son Kertanegara, Kertanegera fled after the coup the king's subordinates, Jayakatwang of bracelets (area of Karachi ), he was hiding in this area, before finally fled to Madura.

Structure and use of buildings

 

Form legged Shiva temple, berpundak Buddha . Shaped like a tall slender Prambanan in Central Java, with the size of the area 14.24 x 9.55 m and height 24.50 meters. The door facing east . The position of this door is used by most experts emphasize that the reason for this temple is not a place of worship or pradaksina (a ceremony of homage to a deity , called Dewayadnya or dewayajña), because usually the temple to worship facing the mountain , the place believed to be the funeral to the Gods. Jawi temple it back to Mount STEPS . While there are other experts who think that this temple remains of the temple worship, and the position of the doors are not facing the mountain because of the influence of the teachings of Buddha.
 

Archeology

Jawi temple is the uniqueness of the reliefs on the walls. Unfortunately, relief could not be read. It could be because the carvings are too thin, or because of a lack of supporting information, such as from inscriptions or manuscripts . Negarakertagama that clearly tells the temple was no mention at all about the relief. In contrast to the relief in Jago Temple and the Temple of upgrading is still unclear. One of the fragments that exist in the walls of the temple, describing his own existence Jawi temple and its several other buildings around the temple. Clearly visible on the fragment on the eastern side of the temple there are ancillary temples as many as three pieces, but unfortunately the third condition ancillary is now practically razed to the ground. Even so the fragments can be seen clearly that there is a moment of the temple which is the gate of the temple, located to the west.

The remains of the building is still there, but the shape is more like a pile of bricks , because the gate of the temple is built of red brick. Besides the relief which is located at the walls of the temple, there are also other relief that is located inside the temple. Situated right in the middle of the temple which is the highest part of the inside of the temple, there is a relief god Surya who sculpted clear. The uniqueness of the Jawi Temple is a stone used as building material composed of two types. The lower part consists of a black stone, white stone and the upper. Which raised the suspicion that this temple could be built in two different periods of building techniques.
 

History of the temple by Negarakertagama

 
Negarakertagama mention, in the chambers of the temple there is a statue of Shiva . On it there is a statue of Shiva statue Supreme Aksobaya which have now been lost. There are a number of statues of Shiva, such as Nandiswara , Durga , Ganesha , Nandi , and Brahma. Kakawin Negarakertagama mention that at the time candrasengkala or the year Archery Day of Fire (1253 Saka ) of the temple was struck by lightning . That's when the statue of Maha Aksobaya missing. It is said the King of Majapahit King Hayam Wuruk who visited the temple was then grieving for the loss of statues. Although the Supreme Aksobaya statues have been found which are now stored in Apsari Park , the front Office of the Indonesian Journalists Association (PWI) in East Java , which became known as the Statue of Joko Dolog , the statue was not from Jawi temple. Written that a year after Jawi temple struck by lightning, has made rebuilding. During this period the expected use of white stone. However, the origin of the white stone is still questionable, because the area that includes the foot of Mount Welirang mostly rocky black and white stones are common in the area just north coast of Java or Madura.
 

The restoration and conservation effort

 
Jawi temple restored for a second year in 1938 - 1941th in the reign of the Dutch East Indies had collapsed because of his condition. However, until the renovations are not complete because some of the stones missing. Then improved again in the 1975th - 1.98 thousand , and was inaugurated in 1982 . Maintenance costs are now obtained from voluntary donations from visitors and NGO others. Jawi temple building form is intact, but its content is reduced. Statue of Durga is now stored at the Museum Professor Tantular , Surabaya . Others are stored at the Museum Trowulan for security. While others still, like statues Brahmin , was not found. Might have gone to pieces. In the warehouse behind the temple there are pieces of sculpture. In addition, there is a red brick fence as often found in buildings in the kingdom of Majapahit , as Rat Temple in Trowulan and Temple Bajangratu in Mojokerto.
 

Transfer of historic heritage

 
Relics statues found in Jawi Temple was moved, mostly to the Museum , and partly to the commercial. Removal of statues of Jawi temple temple or the other has received much criticism from historians and local people, because even on the right side to prevent it from theft , this transfer is thought to reduce the substance of the history of these relics, so be incomplete to be appreciated. Statues moved from habitats to lose its historical value. Jawi temple statues are stored in Monument Park Hotel , Malang , for example, was well maintained, but be deprived of historical value and the spirituality and thing that tends to be a dilemma. 
 

  

Every full moon night in the temple Jawi, wayang performance people are often held.
The event is organized by department of culture in the district Pasuruan